Anthropology 320

African Diaspora Archaeology

 
Professor: Dr. W.R. Perry Time: M.W.F.:11-11:50pm.
Office:110A DiLoreto Hall Place: FD 108
Vmail:832-2613 Office hours: MW 2:30- 4:30
E-mail: perryw@ccsu.edu F 2:30-3:30 pm & byappointment
 
"I just wanna know how we got here, cause
I know it wasn’t on our own." (Larry Graham, Graham Central Station 1983)

The Course

The primary focus of this course is Africans throughout the diaspora. It employs written documents, oral texts, material culture, cultural landscapes, and biohistorical studies to investigate African diaspora life and culture during the development of capitalism and colonialism until today. The course seeks to reveal the multifaceted nature of the African diaspora experiences in the Americas and the Caribbean. To place these experiences into a global historical perspective African connections will also be addressed.

Plantation and urban contexts are examined in the Americas, especially the United States (both north and south), and Africans in Mexico and South America are also discussed. The course integrates theoretical, methodological and substantive issues regarding Africans in the diaspora including: their origins in Africa, quality of life (i.e., health and diets) and their resistance to captivity. We will explore "Free" Africans that owned other African captives, the underground railroad, emancipated African descendant wage labor tenants, and early multiracial communities.

The class format will take the form of lecture and discussions and will include slides, guest lecturers, videos and possibly a class tour of Underground Railroad and archaeological sites in CT.

This course fulfills the General Education requirement for Study Area III Behavioral Sciences as well as the Writing and International requirements. It also fulfills the requirement for an anthropology major, a minor, and a concentration in archaeology.

If you need course adaptations and accommodations because you are differently abled, or if you have emergency medical information to share with me, or if you need special arrangements in case the building must be evacuated, please make an appointment with me AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

Course Requirements

Required Texts
Theresa A. Singleton (Ed.)
1999      I, Too, am America": Studies in African America Archaeology. The
              University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. (Hereafter Singleton Volume or SV)
Charles E. Orser Jr.,(Ed.)                  
2001      Race and the Archaeology of Identity. Salt Lake City,Utah.
              University of Utah Press. (Hereafter Orser)
Recommended Texts
Deetz, James
1996      In Small Things Forgotten: an Archaeology of Early American Life.
              Anchor Books, New York.
Gundaker, Grey
2001      Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and Vernacular
              Practice in African America. New York, Oxford University Press
Kenneth L. Feder
1994      A Village of Outcasts. California, Mayfield Publishers.

The required and the recommended texts are available at the Other Book Store and the CCSU Campus Bookstore. Copies of required supplemental readings will be placed on reserve in the library under my name and this course number. There may also be a limited number of the required readings available in the anthropology department office FD 110. Students must read these articles IN THE ROOM ONLY!! If you want to copy them you must leave your student I.D. card with the department secretary. I suggest that you look at bestbookbuys.com to see if any of the books are available. They seem to have the best prices around. The one drawback is that delivery time is anywhere from five (5) days to two weeks!

Attendance

Regular and prompt attendance is required and will constitute 10% of your grade. This will be monitored by the signing of an attendance sheet every class session. More than three (3) unexcused absences will result in a significant reduction in your grade and TEN (10) OR MORE WILL MEAN FAILURE!!!

Class Participation

Active participation in class discussions is required and constitutes 10% of your grade.

Required Readings

You are required to read the assigned materials for each week PRIOR to class. To insure that this is done there may be UNANNOUNCED QUIZZES. Quizzes will be short essay questions based on videos, assigned readings and class discussions and WILL COUNT toward your grade.

Map Quizzes

There will be two (2) map quizzes. One on the United States and one on Africa. They are worth 10% of the grade. If you don't pass them (a maximum of (5) five incorrect answers on U.S. and (10) ten on Africa) the first time, you must arrange to retake the quiz. You must get no more than two (2) wrong on each the second time, and you must get them all correct by the third time. YOU CANNOT PASS THE COURSE WITHOUT PASSING THE MAP QUIZ!!!

In Class Examinations

There will be a mid-term examination worth 25% of your grade and a final examination worth 25% of your grade. These exams will consists of short answers and essay questions drawn from lectures, readings, videos and class discussions. There will be NO MAKE-UPS unless the professor is informed in advance of an unavoidable reason for missing the exam.

Research Paper

You must write a research paper in essay form. This will be worth 20% of your grade. Papers should be 10 to 15 NUMBERED pages of text (double spaced, typed -- including title page) plus references, illustrations etc. The paper can be on an assigned topic or a pre-approved topic that you want to do. Research papers must included readings from the class that are relevant for your paper topic. The papers are due on the day of the final examination, May 12 at 11-1 pm.

Extra-Credit

Finally, there may be other opportunities to get extra-credit for attending lectures, conferences and the like. In this case you are required to write a 2-3 page paper describing the particular activity, naming names and affiliations, and how it was relevant for our course.

COURSE OUTLINE: TOPICS AND READINGS

DATE

TOPICS

READINGS

1/22 & 24 Archaeological anthropology. The history and scope of African SV:Chapt.1
diaspora archaeology within archaeological anthropology. Singleton 99
Videos:"Other Peoples' Garbage." & "Digging for Slaves".
1/27-3/1 Archaeologies of capitalism and its lines that divide: race, class Mrozowski et al.  00:
and gender.  Intro.Orser:Chapt.1
2/3-7 The search for African connections. One "white" settler version of Wolf 82 SV:Chapt.2
history. Video: "Goree, Door of No Return." Map Quizzes. SV:Chapt. 7 Perry 00
2/10 & 12 Material Africanisms in the Diaspora: African Inspired Pipes, Pots Deetz 96b SV:Chapts
& Gardens? . 4 &6; Benoit 01
2/19 & 21 Plantation Contexts: Domination & Resistance. SV:Chapts. 8,10
& 11; Orser:Chapt.6
2/24-28 Beyond the Plantation: Whiteness, and Racism SV:Chapt. 14
SV:Chapt. 3.
Epperson 97 &.99b
Mathis o1
3/3-7 "Free" African captive "owners" & other "Free" Africans. Wilson 94
Orser:Chapt.12
3/10-14 "Underground Railroads" African or European initiatives? SV:Chapt. 13 Special
Resources Study 95
M3/17

MID-TERM EXAM

3/19 & 21 Theoretical & Methodological Issues. The Significance of SV:Chapt. 15 &
Multivalency in African Diaspora contexts. Gundaker 01: Intro;
Edwards-Ingram 99
3/24-28

SPRING RECESS

4/1-5 African Inspired Spirtual & Ritual Practices & their material Gundaker 01:Chapts.
correlates in the south. 3:42-46 & 4:75-83
Leone & Fry 99
Orser:Chapt. 9
Brown 01
4/2 & 4 Captive Africans in the north? African Inspired Spirtual & Ritual Staples 01
Practices & their material correlates in the north & the Caribbean. Neuwirth 02
Woodruff & Perry,
No DateSchroedl &
Ahlman 02
4/7-11 The red, white & black colorlines in New England: Parting Ways Orser:Chapt. 8
Site; The W.E.B.DuBois site. 94; Deetz 96a Paynter et. al
4/14 & 16 Connecticut’s New Salem Plantation site. Special Issue 02;
Sawyer 2001
4/21-25 The New York African Burial Ground Project. Videos: "The Perry 98 Perry &
African Burial Ground", part 3 & "Slave Island". Blakey 99; Epperson
99a;
4/28-5/1 Maroon Communities and resistance. Maroons in Jamaica, Agorsha 01
Mexico, Surinam and the US. Video: "I Shall Molder Before I Weik 97
Shall be Taken".
5/5 & 7 Multiracial Communities in the North: The Lighthouse site in CT.  Feder 94;Chapts.
& Sandy Ground in Staten Island, NY. Lecture by Ken Feder?  6, 8 & 9; Askins 85
May 12 at

FINAL-EXAM

11-1 pm

READINGS

Agorsah, E. Kofi
2001    "The secrets of Maroon heroism as pioneer freedom fighters of the African Diaspora." In
            E. Kofi Agorsah (Ed.) Freedom in Black History and Culture. Middletown, CA. Arrow P
            ress. Pgs. 1-17.
Askins, William
1985    "Material Culture and Expressions of Group Identity in Sandy Ground, New York". American
            Archaeology, Vol. 5, (3):209-218.
Benoit, Catherine
2001    "The invisible garden: Introduction to cultural barriers in the Caribbean". Unpublished paper
             presented at the Studies in Landscape Architecture Conference, Dumbarton Oaks,
             Washington DC.
Brown, Kenneth
2001    "Interwoven traditions: archaeology of the cojurer’s cabins and the African American cemetery
            at the Jordan and Frogmore Manor Plantations." Places of Cultural Memory: African
            Reflections on the American Landscape. Conference Proceedings, May. U.S. Department
            of the Interior-National Park Service. Pgs 99-104.
Neuwirth, Jessica
2002    "In my father’s kingdom there are many houses: Interior space and contested meanings in 19th
             century African- American Annapolis." Unpublished Paper, presented at U.
             Mass. Amherst, pgs. 1-27.
Deetz, James
1996a   "Parting Ways." In Small Things Forgotten: an Archaeology of Early American Life.
             Anchor Books, New York. Pgs.187-211.
1996b   "The African American past." In Small Things Forgotten: an Archaeology of Early
              American Life. Anchor Books, New York. Pgs.212-252.
Edwards-Ingrim, Ywone D.
 1999      "Trash revisited: a comparative approach to historical descriptions and archaeological
              analysis of slave houses and yards." In Keep Your Head to the Sky: Interpreting African
              American Home Ground. Grey Gundaker (ed.) Charlottesville, VA. The University
              Press of Virginia, pp. 245-271.
Epperson, Terrence W.
1997     "Whiteness in early Virginia." Race Traitor 7:9-20.
1999a   "The contested commons: archaeologies of race, repression, and resistance in New York
             City". In Mark P. Leone and Parker Potter, Jr. (Eds.) Historical Archaeologies of
             Capitalism. New York, Plenum Press. Pp.81-110.
1999b   "Beyond biological reductionism, ethnicity, and vulgar-anti-essentialism: critical perspectives on
             race and the practice of African-American archaeology." African-American
             Archaeology: Newsletter of the African-American Archaeology Network (24):3-5 & 8.
Feder, Kenneth L.
1994     A Village of Outcasts. California, Mayfield Publishers. Chapters 6, 8 & 9.         
Gundaker, Grey
2001    "Introduction". In Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and
             Vernacular Practice in African America. New York, Oxford University Press. Pgs. 3-14.
2001    "African scripts, graphic practices, and contexts of learning and use". In Signs of Diaspora,
            Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and Vernacular Practice in African America.
            New York, Oxford University Press. Pgs. 33-62. READ PAGES 44-46 ONLY!
2001   "Diaspora of signs". In Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and
           Vernacular Practice in African America. New York, Oxford University Press. Pgs. 63-94.
           READ PAGES 75-83 ONLY!
Leone, Mark and Gladys-Marie Fry
1999   "Conjuring in the big house kitchen: an interpretation of African American belief systems
           based on the uses of archaeology and folklore sources." Journal of American Folklore
           112(445):372-403.
Mack, Mark, Edna Medford, Casandra Hill, Jean Howson, Lisa King, Warren Perry, & Leslie Rankin-Hill
1999   "Labor exploitation and resistance of African New Yorkers in the colonial period". Paper
            presented for the symposium Archaeology, Bioanthropology & African Identity in the
            Diaspora: theoretical &methodological advances. at the 4th World Archaeological
            Congress in Cape Town, South Africa,. January 10-14.
Mathis, Ruth
2001   "The black women in the public eye: an ethnoanthropological perspective." In E. Kofi         
           Agorsah (Ed.) Freedom in Black History and Culture. Middletown, CA. Arrow Press. Pgs.
           39-49.
Mrozowski, Stephen A., James A. Delle and Robert Paynter
2000    "Introduction". In James Delle, Stephen Mrozowski, and Robert Paynter (Eds.) Lines That
            Divide: Historical Archaeologies of Race, Class, and Gender. Knoxville,
            The University of Tennessee Press. Pgs.XI-XXXI.
Paynter, Robert, Susan Hautaniemi and Nancy Muller
1994    The Landscapes of the W.E.B. DuBois boyhood Homesite: An Agenda for an archaeology of
            the color line. In S. Gregory and R. Sanjek eds. Race., Rutgers University press, New Jersey.
            Pp. 285-318.
Perry, Warren R.
1998   "Analysis of the African Burial Ground Archaeological Materials." (Revised & Expanded)
           African Burial Ground Project Classroom & Study Guide & Glossary. 3rd Edition Office
           of Public Education and Interpretation of the African Burial Ground. NYC:34-38.
Perry, Warren R. and Michael L. Blakey
1999   "Archaeology as Community Service: the African Burial Ground Project in New York City."
           Kenneth Feder (Ed.) Lessons From The Past: an Introductory Reader in Archaeology. CA.
           Mayfield Publishing. Pgs 45-51.
Perry, Warren R.
2000   "The Divide in Post 15th Century Southern Africa: Archaeology of the Color Line and White
           Settler History". In. Lines That Divide: Historical Archaeologies of Race, Gender, and
           Class. James A.Delle, Stephen A. Mrozowski, and Robert Paynter, University of
           Tennessee Press, Knoxville. Pp.88-123.
Schroedl, Gerald F. and Todd M. Ahlman
2002  "The maintenance of cultural and personal identities of enslaved Africans and British soldiers at
          the Brimstone Hill Fortress, St. Kitts, West Indies". Historical Archaeology 36 (4):38-49.
Special Issue
2002  "Complicity: How Connecticut chained itself to slavery". A Special Issue of Northeast the
          Sunday Magazine of the Hartford Courant. September 29
Staples, Brent
2001  "To be a slave in Brooklyn." The New York Times Magazine. June:34-37.
Singleton, Theresa A.
1999  "The archaeology of African-American life." Anthro Notes. 12 (2):1-15. Spring
Special Resources Study, Management Concepts/Environmental Assessment
1995  Underground Railroad. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service,
          Denver Service Center.Pp. 15-25.
Weik, Terry
1997  "The Archaeology of Maroon Societies in the Americas: Resistance, Cultural Continuity,
          and Transformation in the African Diaspora" in Historical Archaeology, 31(2):81-92.
Wilson, Sherrill        
1994  Chapter I "An overview of African slaveownership in America". In New York City’s African
          Slaveowners: a Social and Material Culture History. Garland Pub. New York. Pp 1-20.
Wolf, Eric R.
1982  "The Atlantic slave trade". In Europe and the People Without History. University of
          California Press. Pgs. 195-231